Financial Regulatory
Tokenized Assets: From European Regulation to Their Integration into DeFi
Tokenized real-world assets (RWA) are financial or physical assets represented on the blockchain by tokens.
Who Pulls the Strings of Covered Stablecoin (or ART) Stability in Spain?
Covered Stablecoins, known in Spain as Asset-Referenced Tokens (ARTs) under the MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets) regulatory framework, are crypto assets designed to maintain a stable 1:1 value ratio with a…
Payment Stablecoins (EMTs): Legal Definitions, Uses, and Regulatory Parallels between the U.S. and Spain
Payment stablecoins (known in Spain as EMTs or E-money Tokens) represent an evolution in digital assets, designed to combine the stability of fiat currencies with the efficiency of blockchain technology
Risks to Monetary Policy and State Sovereignty from Stablecoins
Stablecoins represent an existential challenge to monetary policy, compelling a redefinition of stability mandates.
Would It Make Sense for a Multinational such as Amazon, Walmart, or Inditex to Issue Its Own Stablecoin?
Issuing a stablecoin does make sense for multinationals such as Amazon, as it would provide operational efficiency and competitive advantage.
Regulatory Differences between MiCA in the EU and the Genius Act in the US
The differences between MiCA and the Genius Act highlight tensions between sovereign control in the EU and liberalization in the US
The Implications of the Genius Act for Stablecoin Issuers
The Genius Act, signed into law in July 2025 by the President of the United States, represents a milestone in the regulation of stablecoins
When Politics Gets Tokenized: Crypto, SuperPACs, and Fairshake’s Influence in Washington
In recent years, the cryptocurrency industry has gone from being a marginal player to becoming a political lobby with real weight in Washington
Are Covered Stablecoins (ARTs) Considered Securities by the SEC?
Covered Stablecoins are a type of digital asset designed to maintain a stable value relative to a reference asset, such as the U.S. dollar (USD), another fiat currency, a commodity…
DORA Compliance: Outsourcing of ICT Service Providers
Article 29 of DORA mandates comprehensive pre-contractual assessments to ensure robust regulatory compliance, particularly in two critical areas: ICT provider concentration and outsourcing-related risks
AISP and PISP: Revolutionising Financial Services in the Digital Age
In the dynamic landscape of digital finance, two new actors have emerged prominently: Account Information Service Providers (AISPs) and Payment Initiation Service Providers (PISPs).
Conflicts of Interest in Investment Services Firms
In the context of Investment Services Firms (ISFs), the compliance function stands as a critical pillar for operational integrity and long-term sustainability.
Why a National Cybersecurity Strategy and What Should It Include?
Following the adoption of the NIS 2 Directive, each Member State is required to adopt a national cybersecurity strategy that sets out strategic objectives, resources, and policy and regulatory measures…
NIS 2 Directive (Also Known as SRI2)
Directive (EU) 2022/2555, commonly referred to as the NIS 2 Directive or SRI 2, aims to ensure a high common level of cybersecurity across the European Union.
Joining Forces Against Cyber Threats: The Key Role of Information Sharing in the Financial Sector under the DORA Framework
the financial sector is exposed to cyber risks that are ever more complex and sophisticated. As a legal practitioner specializing in financial regulation, it is crucial to emphasize the importance…
What Are ICT Services under DORA?
In the dynamic landscape of European financial regulation, the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) has introduced a series of concepts and definitions that warrant thorough analysis.
The United Kingdom’s Financial Regulatory Framework: Your Gateway to the European Market Post-Brexit
The United Kingdom possesses one of the most robust and comprehensive financial regulatory frameworks in the world. Any business wishing to establish operations in the UK and provide financial products…
DORA: A New Challenge for Account Information Service Providers (AISPs)
DORA sets new challenges for AISPs, requiring stronger digital resilience, ICT risk management, and enhanced oversight in the financial sector.
The New Regulation of Cryptocurrencies under Trump
The Trump administration appears to mark a significant shift from the approach of the previous administration. As stated on multiple occasions, it aims to move from primarily assessing risks to…
Alert for Asset Managers: The 2025 BE-10 Survey and Its Implications
The U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) requires certain U.S. persons to file the Benchmark Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad (BE-10) in the near future.
